TY - JOUR
T1 - A Comparison of Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation and Evolution on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic and Disordered Graphite Negative Electrodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries
AU - Zhu, Haoyu
AU - Russell, Joshua A.
AU - Fang, Zongtang
AU - Barnes, Pete
AU - Li, Lan
AU - Efaw, Corey M.
AU - Muenzer, Allison
AU - May, Jeremy
AU - Hamal, Kailash
AU - Cheng, I. Francis
AU - Davis, Paul H.
AU - Dufek, Eric J.
AU - Xiong, Hui
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by INL Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD) Program under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract No. DE‐AC07‐05ID14517 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The controlled environment AFM was supported by NSF MRI Grant No. 1727026. XPS measurements were performed in the Boise State Atomic Films Laboratory. The authors are thankful to Dr. Chunrong Ma, Dr. Justin Connell, Dr. Elton Graugnard, and Dr. Steven Hues for fruitful discussion on the XPS data analysis. XPS measurements were performed in the Boise State Atomic Films Laboratory and the authors are grateful for the assistance of the measurements from members of the AFL. The authors would like to acknowledge the resources of the High‐Performance Computing Center at Idaho National Laboratory, which was supported by the Office of Nuclear Energy of the U.S. Department of Energy and the Nuclear Science User Facilities under Contract No. DE‐AC07‐05ID14517 and also high‐performance computing support of the R2 compute cluster (DOI: 10.18122/B2S41H) provided by Boise State University's Research Computing Department.
Funding Information:
This work was supported by INL Laboratory Directed Research & Development (LDRD) Program under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract No. DE-AC07-05ID14517 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The controlled environment AFM was supported by NSF MRI Grant No. 1727026. XPS measurements were performed in the Boise State Atomic Films Laboratory. The authors are thankful to Dr. Chunrong Ma, Dr. Justin Connell, Dr. Elton Graugnard, and Dr. Steven Hues for fruitful discussion on the XPS data analysis. XPS measurements were performed in the Boise State Atomic Films Laboratory and the authors are grateful for the assistance of the measurements from members of the AFL. The authors would like to acknowledge the resources of the High-Performance Computing Center at Idaho National Laboratory, which was supported by the Office of Nuclear Energy of the U.S. Department of Energy and the Nuclear Science User Facilities under Contract No. DE-AC07-05ID14517 and also high-performance computing support of the R2 compute cluster (DOI: 10.18122/B2S41H) provided by Boise State University's Research Computing Department.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH
PY - 2021/12/29
Y1 - 2021/12/29
N2 - The presence and stability of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on graphitic electrodes is vital to the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the formation and evolution of SEI remain the least understood area in LIBs due to its dynamic nature, complexity in chemical composition, heterogeneity in morphology, as well as lack of reliable in situ/operando techniques for accurate characterization. In addition, chemical composition and morphology of SEI are not only affected by the choice of electrolyte, but also by the nature of the electrode surface. While introduction of defects into graphitic electrodes has promoted their electrochemical properties, how such structural defects influence SEI formation and evolution remains an open question. Here, utilizing nondestructive operando electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EChem-AFM) the dynamic SEI formation and evolution on a pair of representative graphitic materials with and without defects, namely, highly oriented pyrolytic and disordered graphite electrodes, are systematically monitored and compared. Complementary to the characterization of SEI topographical and mechanical changes during electrochemical cycling by EChem-AFM, chemical analysis and theoretical calculations are conducted to provide mechanistic insights underlying SEI formation and evolution. The results provide guidance to engineer functional SEIs through design of carbon materials with defects for LIBs and beyond.
AB - The presence and stability of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on graphitic electrodes is vital to the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the formation and evolution of SEI remain the least understood area in LIBs due to its dynamic nature, complexity in chemical composition, heterogeneity in morphology, as well as lack of reliable in situ/operando techniques for accurate characterization. In addition, chemical composition and morphology of SEI are not only affected by the choice of electrolyte, but also by the nature of the electrode surface. While introduction of defects into graphitic electrodes has promoted their electrochemical properties, how such structural defects influence SEI formation and evolution remains an open question. Here, utilizing nondestructive operando electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EChem-AFM) the dynamic SEI formation and evolution on a pair of representative graphitic materials with and without defects, namely, highly oriented pyrolytic and disordered graphite electrodes, are systematically monitored and compared. Complementary to the characterization of SEI topographical and mechanical changes during electrochemical cycling by EChem-AFM, chemical analysis and theoretical calculations are conducted to provide mechanistic insights underlying SEI formation and evolution. The results provide guidance to engineer functional SEIs through design of carbon materials with defects for LIBs and beyond.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85118378165&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/0743ae81-cbd6-35b8-b4fa-45fdab64a57a/
U2 - 10.1002/smll.202105292
DO - 10.1002/smll.202105292
M3 - Article
C2 - 34716757
AN - SCOPUS:85118378165
SN - 1613-6810
VL - 17
JO - Small
JF - Small
IS - 52
M1 - 2105292
ER -