Thermal expansion coefficient of steels used in LWR vessels

Because of the impact that melt relocation and vessel failure have on subsequent progression and associated consequences of a light water reactor (LWR) accident, it is important to accurately predict the heat-up and relocation of materials within the reactor vessel and heat transfer to and from the reactor vessel. Accurate predictions of such heat transfer phenomena require high temperature thermal properties. However, a review of vessel and structural steel material properties in severe accident analysis codes reveals that the required high temperature material properties are extrapolated with little, if any, data above 700 °C. To reduce uncertainties in predictions relying upon this extrapolated high temperature data, new thermal expansion data were obtained using pushrod dilatometry techniques for two steels used in LWR vessels: SA 533 Grade B, Class 1 (SA533B1) low alloy steel, which is used to fabricate most US LWR reactor vessels; and Type 304 stainless steel (SS304), which is used in LWR vessel piping, penetration tubes, and internal structures. This paper summarizes the new data and compares it to existing, lower temperature data in the literature.