Surface chemistry and physics of deuterium retention in lithiated graphite

C. N. Taylor; J. P. Allain; B. Heim; P. S. Krstic; C. H. Skinner; H. W. Kugel

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.09.049

Surface chemistry and physics of deuterium retention in lithiated graphite

C. N. Taylor, J. P. Allain, B. Heim, P. S. Krstic, C. H. Skinner, H. W. Kugel

Nuclear Science & Technology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

26 Scopus citations

Abstract

Lithium wall conditioning in TFTR, CDX-U, T-11M, TJ-II and NSTX is found to yield enhanced plasma performance manifest, in part, through improved deuterium particle control. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments examine the affect of D irradiation on lithiated graphite and show that the surface chemistry of lithiated graphite after D ion bombardment (500 eV/amu) is fundamentally different from that of non-Li conditioned graphite. Instead of simple LiD bonding seen in pure liquid Li, graphite introduces additional complexities. XPS spectra show that Li-O-D (533.0 ± 0.6 eV) and Li-C-D (291.4 ± 0.6 eV) bonds, for a nominal Li dose of 2 μm, become "saturated" with D at fluences between 3.8 and 5.2 × 10 ¹⁷ cm^-2. Atomistic modeling indicate that Li-O-D-C interactions may be a result of multibody effects as opposed to molecular bonding.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	S777-S780
Journal	Journal of Nuclear Materials
Volume	415
Issue number	1 SUPPL
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.09.049
State	Published - Aug 1 2011

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title = "Surface chemistry and physics of deuterium retention in lithiated graphite",

abstract = "Lithium wall conditioning in TFTR, CDX-U, T-11M, TJ-II and NSTX is found to yield enhanced plasma performance manifest, in part, through improved deuterium particle control. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments examine the affect of D irradiation on lithiated graphite and show that the surface chemistry of lithiated graphite after D ion bombardment (500 eV/amu) is fundamentally different from that of non-Li conditioned graphite. Instead of simple LiD bonding seen in pure liquid Li, graphite introduces additional complexities. XPS spectra show that Li-O-D (533.0 ± 0.6 eV) and Li-C-D (291.4 ± 0.6 eV) bonds, for a nominal Li dose of 2 μm, become {"}saturated{"} with D at fluences between 3.8 and 5.2 × 10 17 cm-2. Atomistic modeling indicate that Li-O-D-C interactions may be a result of multibody effects as opposed to molecular bonding.",

author = "Taylor, {C. N.} and Allain, {J. P.} and B. Heim and Krstic, {P. S.} and Skinner, {C. H.} and Kugel, {H. W.}",

note = "Funding Information: We would like to thank Purdue University Graduate School for providing student funding, O. El-Atwani for his insight on bonding interactions, L. Kollar and T. Morton for their contributions with experiments, and D. Zemlyanov of the Birck Nanotechnology Center at Purdue University for surface analysis with the KRATOS XPS system. Work supported by US DOE Contract DE-FG02-08ER54990, DE-AC02-09CH11466.",

year = "2011",

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doi = "10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.09.049",

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AU - Taylor, C. N.

AU - Allain, J. P.

AU - Heim, B.

AU - Krstic, P. S.

AU - Skinner, C. H.

AU - Kugel, H. W.

N1 - Funding Information: We would like to thank Purdue University Graduate School for providing student funding, O. El-Atwani for his insight on bonding interactions, L. Kollar and T. Morton for their contributions with experiments, and D. Zemlyanov of the Birck Nanotechnology Center at Purdue University for surface analysis with the KRATOS XPS system. Work supported by US DOE Contract DE-FG02-08ER54990, DE-AC02-09CH11466.

PY - 2011/8/1

Y1 - 2011/8/1

N2 - Lithium wall conditioning in TFTR, CDX-U, T-11M, TJ-II and NSTX is found to yield enhanced plasma performance manifest, in part, through improved deuterium particle control. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments examine the affect of D irradiation on lithiated graphite and show that the surface chemistry of lithiated graphite after D ion bombardment (500 eV/amu) is fundamentally different from that of non-Li conditioned graphite. Instead of simple LiD bonding seen in pure liquid Li, graphite introduces additional complexities. XPS spectra show that Li-O-D (533.0 ± 0.6 eV) and Li-C-D (291.4 ± 0.6 eV) bonds, for a nominal Li dose of 2 μm, become "saturated" with D at fluences between 3.8 and 5.2 × 10 17 cm-2. Atomistic modeling indicate that Li-O-D-C interactions may be a result of multibody effects as opposed to molecular bonding.

AB - Lithium wall conditioning in TFTR, CDX-U, T-11M, TJ-II and NSTX is found to yield enhanced plasma performance manifest, in part, through improved deuterium particle control. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments examine the affect of D irradiation on lithiated graphite and show that the surface chemistry of lithiated graphite after D ion bombardment (500 eV/amu) is fundamentally different from that of non-Li conditioned graphite. Instead of simple LiD bonding seen in pure liquid Li, graphite introduces additional complexities. XPS spectra show that Li-O-D (533.0 ± 0.6 eV) and Li-C-D (291.4 ± 0.6 eV) bonds, for a nominal Li dose of 2 μm, become "saturated" with D at fluences between 3.8 and 5.2 × 10 17 cm-2. Atomistic modeling indicate that Li-O-D-C interactions may be a result of multibody effects as opposed to molecular bonding.

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Surface chemistry and physics of deuterium retention in lithiated graphite

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