@article{b5996b66d485442eac3a85de706a6060,
title = "Simultaneous neutron and X-ray tomography for visualization of graphite electrode degradation in fast-charged lithium-ion batteries",
abstract = "Advanced battery characterization using neutron and X-ray-based imaging modalities is crucial to reveal fundamental degradation modes of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Taking advantage of the sensitivity of neutrons to some low-Z (Li) and X-rays to high-Z materials (Cu), here we demonstrate the viability of simultaneous neutron- and X-ray-based tomography (NeXT) as a non-destructive imaging platform for ex situ 3D visualization of graphite electrode degradation following extreme fast charging (XFC). In addition, we underscore the benefits of the simultaneous nature of NeXT by combining the neutron and X-ray data from the same sample location for material identification and segmentation of one pristine and two XFC-cycled graphite electrodes (9C charge for 450 cycles). Our ex situ results and methodology development pave the way for the design of NeXT-friendly LIB geometries that will allow operando and/or in situ three-dimensional (3D) visualization of electrode degradation during XFC.",
keywords = "X-ray imaging, extreme-fast charging, lithium-ion batteries, neutron imaging, tomography",
author = "Maha Yusuf and LaManna, \{Jacob M.\} and Paul, \{Partha P.\} and Agyeman-Budu, \{David N.\} and Chuntian Cao and Dunlop, \{Alison R.\} and Jansen, \{Andrew N.\} and Polzin, \{Bryant J.\} and Trask, \{Stephen E.\} and Tanim, \{Tanvir R.\} and Dufek, \{Eric J.\} and Vivek Thampy and Steinr{\"u}ck, \{Hans Georg\} and Toney, \{Michael F.\} and \{Nelson Weker\}, Johanna",
note = "Funding Information: Funding was provided from the Vehicle Technologies Office of the US Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under the guidance of the Advanced Battery Cell Research Program (eXtreme Fast Charge Cell Evaluation of Lithium-Ion batteries [XCEL]). This work was partially supported by the US Department of Commerce, the NIST Radiation Physics Division, the Director's Office of NIST, and the NIST Center for Neutron Research. The Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-76SF00515. The ANL is operated for the US Department of Energy by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under the contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357. The Idaho National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC, under contract no. DE-AC07-05ID14517 for the US Department of Energy. We would also like to acknowledge Dr. Olaf Borkiewicz and Dr. Uta Ruett for their help with the XRD measurement at the 11-ID-B beamline at Advanced Photon Source. M.Y. is grateful for the Schlumberger Faculty for the Future fellowship 2018–2023 and Stanford DARE fellowship 2020–2022. M.Y. P.P.P. J.N.W. and J.M.L. performed NeXT experiments. M.Y. and J.M.L. developed the image processing framework. P.P.P. and C.C. conducted the XRD measurements. A.R.D. A.N.J. B.J.P. and S.E.T. assembled and formed the LIB pouch cells. T.R.T. and E.J.D. XFC cycled the cells. M.Y. J.M.L. P.P.P. D.N.A.-B. C.C. A.R.D. A.N.J. B.J.P. S.E.T. T.R.T. E.J.D. V.T. H.-G.S. M.F.T. and J.N.W. discussed the experimental results and reviewed the paper. The manuscript was written through contributions of all authors. All authors have approved the final version of the manuscript. The authors declare no competing interests. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as an underrepresented ethnic minority in their field of research or within their geographical location. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a gender minority in their field of research. One or more authors of this paper received support from a program designed to increase minority representation in their field of research. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote gender balance in our reference list. Funding Information: Funding was provided from the Vehicle Technologies Office of the US Department of Energy{\textquoteright}s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under the guidance of the Advanced Battery Cell Research Program (eXtreme Fast Charge Cell Evaluation of Lithium-Ion batteries [XCEL]). This work was partially supported by the US Department of Commerce , the NIST Radiation Physics Division, the Director{\textquoteright}s Office of NIST, and the NIST Center for Neutron Research. The Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, is supported by the US Department of Energy , Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-76SF00515 . The ANL is operated for the US Department of Energy by UChicago Argonne, LLC , under the contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357 . The Idaho National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC , under contract no. DE-AC07-05ID14517 for the US Department of Energy. We would also like to acknowledge Dr. Olaf Borkiewicz and Dr. Uta Ruett for their help with the XRD measurement at the 11-ID-B beamline at Advanced Photon Source. M.Y. is grateful for the Schlumberger Faculty for the Future fellowship 2018–2023 and Stanford DARE fellowship 2020–2022. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022",
year = "2022",
month = nov,
day = "16",
doi = "10.1016/j.xcrp.2022.101145",
language = "English",
volume = "3",
journal = "Cell Reports Physical Science",
issn = "2666-3864",
publisher = "Cell Press",
number = "11",
}