Recycled cathode materials enabled superior performance for lithium-ion batteries

Xiaotu Ma; Mengyuan Chen; Zhangfeng Zheng; Dennis Bullen; Jun Wang; Chloe Harrison; Eric Gratz; Yulin Lin; Zhenzhen Yang; Youtian Zhang; Fan Wang; David Robertson; Seoung Bum Son; Ira Bloom; Jianguo Wen; Mingyuan Ge; Xianghui Xiao; Wah Keat Lee; Ming Tang; Qiang Wang; Jinzhao Fu; Yubin Zhang; Bryer C. Sousa; Renata Arsenault; Peter Karlson; Nakia Simon; Yan Wang

doi:10.1016/j.joule.2021.09.005

Recycled cathode materials enabled superior performance for lithium-ion batteries

Xiaotu Ma
, Mengyuan Chen
, Zhangfeng Zheng
, Dennis Bullen
, Jun Wang
, Chloe Harrison
, Eric Gratz
, Yulin Lin
, Zhenzhen Yang
, Youtian Zhang
, Fan Wang
, David Robertson
, Seoung Bum Son
, Ira Bloom
, Jianguo Wen
, Mingyuan Ge
, Xianghui Xiao
, Wah Keat Lee
, Ming Tang
, Qiang Wang

Jinzhao Fu, Yubin Zhang, Bryer C. Sousa, Renata Arsenault, Peter Karlson, Nakia Simon, Yan Wang

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

169 Scopus citations

Abstract

Recycling spent lithium-ion batteries plays a significant role in alleviating the shortage of raw materials and environmental problems. However, recycled materials are deemed inferior to commercial materials, preventing the industry from adopting recycled materials in new batteries. Here, we demonstrate that the recycled LiNi_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂ has a superior rate and cycle performance, verified by various industry-level tests. Specifically, 1 Ah cells with the recycled LiNi_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂ have the best cycle life result reported for recycled materials and enable 4,200 cycles and 11,600 cycles at 80% and 70% capacity retention, which is 33% and 53% better than the state-of-the-art, commercial LiNi_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂. Meanwhile, its rate performance is 88.6% better than commercial powders at 5C. From experimental and modeling results, the unique microstructure of recycled materials enables superior electrochemical performance. The recycled material outperforms commercially available equivalent, providing a green and sustainable solution for spent lithium-ion batteries.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	2955-2970
Number of pages	16
Journal	Joule
Volume	5
Issue number	11
Early online date	Oct 15 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2021.09.005
State	Published - Nov 17 2021
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

cathode
lithium-ion batteries
recycling
sustainability

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10.1016/j.joule.2021.09.005

Cite this

Ma, X., Chen, M., Zheng, Z., Bullen, D., Wang, J., Harrison, C., Gratz, E., Lin, Y., Yang, Z., Zhang, Y., Wang, F., Robertson, D., Son, S. B., Bloom, I., Wen, J., Ge, M., Xiao, X., Lee, W. K., Tang, M., ... Wang, Y. (2021). Recycled cathode materials enabled superior performance for lithium-ion batteries. Joule, 5(11), 2955-2970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2021.09.005

@article{53e5de1161204f979675a7fd4bc6e955,

title = "Recycled cathode materials enabled superior performance for lithium-ion batteries",

abstract = "Recycling spent lithium-ion batteries plays a significant role in alleviating the shortage of raw materials and environmental problems. However, recycled materials are deemed inferior to commercial materials, preventing the industry from adopting recycled materials in new batteries. Here, we demonstrate that the recycled LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 has a superior rate and cycle performance, verified by various industry-level tests. Specifically, 1 Ah cells with the recycled LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 have the best cycle life result reported for recycled materials and enable 4,200 cycles and 11,600 cycles at 80\% and 70\% capacity retention, which is 33\% and 53\% better than the state-of-the-art, commercial LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2. Meanwhile, its rate performance is 88.6\% better than commercial powders at 5C. From experimental and modeling results, the unique microstructure of recycled materials enables superior electrochemical performance. The recycled material outperforms commercially available equivalent, providing a green and sustainable solution for spent lithium-ion batteries.",

keywords = "cathode, lithium-ion batteries, recycling, sustainability",

author = "Xiaotu Ma and Mengyuan Chen and Zhangfeng Zheng and Dennis Bullen and Jun Wang and Chloe Harrison and Eric Gratz and Yulin Lin and Zhenzhen Yang and Youtian Zhang and Fan Wang and David Robertson and Son, \{Seoung Bum\} and Ira Bloom and Jianguo Wen and Mingyuan Ge and Xianghui Xiao and Lee, \{Wah Keat\} and Ming Tang and Qiang Wang and Jinzhao Fu and Yubin Zhang and Sousa, \{Bryer C.\} and Renata Arsenault and Peter Karlson and Nakia Simon and Yan Wang",

note = "Funding Information: This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy , National Energy Technology Laboratory under award number DE-EE0006250 with the United States Advanced Battery Consortium LLC ( USABC LLC ). Y.Z. is supported by NSF CMMI-1929949 . F.W. and M.T. acknowledge support from DOE under project no. DE-SC0019111 . Simulations were partially performed on supercomputers at the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at the University of Texas. This research used resources of the FXI beamline (18-ID) of the National Synchrotron Light Source II, a User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Brookhaven National Laboratory under contract no. DE-SC0012704 . Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials, an Office of Science user facility, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357 . Work carried out at Post Test Facility of Argonne National Laboratory, operated for DOE Office of Science by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357 . Funding Information: This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory under award number DE-EE0006250 with the United States Advanced Battery Consortium LLC (USABC LLC). Y.Z. is supported by NSF CMMI-1929949. F.W. and M.T. acknowledge support from DOE under project no. DE-SC0019111. Simulations were partially performed on supercomputers at the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at the University of Texas. This research used resources of the FXI beamline (18-ID) of the National Synchrotron Light Source II, a User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Brookhaven National Laboratory under contract no. DE-SC0012704. Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials, an Office of Science user facility, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Work carried out at Post Test Facility of Argonne National Laboratory, operated for DOE Office of Science by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Conceptualization, Y.W.; methodology, M.C. Z.Z. and X.M.; investigation, X.M. M.C. Z.Z. D.B. J.W. C.H. E.G. Y.L. Z.Y. Y.Z. F.W. D.R. S.S. I.B. J.W. M.G. X.X. W.-K.L. M.T. Q.W. J.F. Y.Z. and B.S.; visualization, X.M. M.C. D.B. Y.L. Z.Y. Y.Z. and F.W.; funding acquisition, Y.W.; project administration, Y.W. R.A. P.K. and N.S.; supervision, Y.W. R.A. P.K. and N.S.; writing ? original draft, X.M. M.C. and M.T.; writing ? review \& editing, X.M. Y.W. M.C. Z.Z. D.B. J.W. C.H. E.G. Y.L. Z.Y. Y.Z. F.W. D.R. S.S. I.B. J.W. M.G. X.X. W.-K.L. M.T. Q.W. J.F. Y.Z. B.S. R.A. P.K. and N.S. Y.W. is a co-founder and Chief Scientist of Battery Resourcers, which is developing a lithium-ion battery recycling process. There is a patent application based on the research results reported in this paper. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier Inc.",

year = "2021",

month = nov,

day = "17",

doi = "10.1016/j.joule.2021.09.005",

language = "English",

volume = "5",

pages = "2955--2970",

journal = "Joule",

issn = "2542-4351",

publisher = "Cell Press",

number = "11",

}

Ma, X, Chen, M, Zheng, Z, Bullen, D, Wang, J, Harrison, C, Gratz, E, Lin, Y, Yang, Z, Zhang, Y, Wang, F, Robertson, D, Son, SB, Bloom, I, Wen, J, Ge, M, Xiao, X, Lee, WK, Tang, M, Wang, Q, Fu, J, Zhang, Y, Sousa, BC, Arsenault, R, Karlson, P, Simon, N & Wang, Y 2021, 'Recycled cathode materials enabled superior performance for lithium-ion batteries', Joule, vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 2955-2970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2021.09.005

TY - JOUR

T1 - Recycled cathode materials enabled superior performance for lithium-ion batteries

AU - Ma, Xiaotu

AU - Chen, Mengyuan

AU - Zheng, Zhangfeng

AU - Bullen, Dennis

AU - Wang, Jun

AU - Harrison, Chloe

AU - Gratz, Eric

AU - Lin, Yulin

AU - Yang, Zhenzhen

AU - Zhang, Youtian

AU - Wang, Fan

AU - Robertson, David

AU - Son, Seoung Bum

AU - Bloom, Ira

AU - Wen, Jianguo

AU - Ge, Mingyuan

AU - Xiao, Xianghui

AU - Lee, Wah Keat

AU - Tang, Ming

AU - Wang, Qiang

AU - Fu, Jinzhao

AU - Zhang, Yubin

AU - Sousa, Bryer C.

AU - Arsenault, Renata

AU - Karlson, Peter

AU - Simon, Nakia

AU - Wang, Yan

N1 - Funding Information: This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy , National Energy Technology Laboratory under award number DE-EE0006250 with the United States Advanced Battery Consortium LLC ( USABC LLC ). Y.Z. is supported by NSF CMMI-1929949 . F.W. and M.T. acknowledge support from DOE under project no. DE-SC0019111 . Simulations were partially performed on supercomputers at the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at the University of Texas. This research used resources of the FXI beamline (18-ID) of the National Synchrotron Light Source II, a User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Brookhaven National Laboratory under contract no. DE-SC0012704 . Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials, an Office of Science user facility, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357 . Work carried out at Post Test Facility of Argonne National Laboratory, operated for DOE Office of Science by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357 . Funding Information: This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory under award number DE-EE0006250 with the United States Advanced Battery Consortium LLC (USABC LLC). Y.Z. is supported by NSF CMMI-1929949. F.W. and M.T. acknowledge support from DOE under project no. DE-SC0019111. Simulations were partially performed on supercomputers at the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at the University of Texas. This research used resources of the FXI beamline (18-ID) of the National Synchrotron Light Source II, a User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Brookhaven National Laboratory under contract no. DE-SC0012704. Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials, an Office of Science user facility, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Work carried out at Post Test Facility of Argonne National Laboratory, operated for DOE Office of Science by UChicago Argonne, LLC, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Conceptualization, Y.W.; methodology, M.C. Z.Z. and X.M.; investigation, X.M. M.C. Z.Z. D.B. J.W. C.H. E.G. Y.L. Z.Y. Y.Z. F.W. D.R. S.S. I.B. J.W. M.G. X.X. W.-K.L. M.T. Q.W. J.F. Y.Z. and B.S.; visualization, X.M. M.C. D.B. Y.L. Z.Y. Y.Z. and F.W.; funding acquisition, Y.W.; project administration, Y.W. R.A. P.K. and N.S.; supervision, Y.W. R.A. P.K. and N.S.; writing ? original draft, X.M. M.C. and M.T.; writing ? review & editing, X.M. Y.W. M.C. Z.Z. D.B. J.W. C.H. E.G. Y.L. Z.Y. Y.Z. F.W. D.R. S.S. I.B. J.W. M.G. X.X. W.-K.L. M.T. Q.W. J.F. Y.Z. B.S. R.A. P.K. and N.S. Y.W. is a co-founder and Chief Scientist of Battery Resourcers, which is developing a lithium-ion battery recycling process. There is a patent application based on the research results reported in this paper. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Elsevier Inc.

PY - 2021/11/17

Y1 - 2021/11/17

N2 - Recycling spent lithium-ion batteries plays a significant role in alleviating the shortage of raw materials and environmental problems. However, recycled materials are deemed inferior to commercial materials, preventing the industry from adopting recycled materials in new batteries. Here, we demonstrate that the recycled LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 has a superior rate and cycle performance, verified by various industry-level tests. Specifically, 1 Ah cells with the recycled LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 have the best cycle life result reported for recycled materials and enable 4,200 cycles and 11,600 cycles at 80% and 70% capacity retention, which is 33% and 53% better than the state-of-the-art, commercial LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2. Meanwhile, its rate performance is 88.6% better than commercial powders at 5C. From experimental and modeling results, the unique microstructure of recycled materials enables superior electrochemical performance. The recycled material outperforms commercially available equivalent, providing a green and sustainable solution for spent lithium-ion batteries.

AB - Recycling spent lithium-ion batteries plays a significant role in alleviating the shortage of raw materials and environmental problems. However, recycled materials are deemed inferior to commercial materials, preventing the industry from adopting recycled materials in new batteries. Here, we demonstrate that the recycled LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 has a superior rate and cycle performance, verified by various industry-level tests. Specifically, 1 Ah cells with the recycled LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 have the best cycle life result reported for recycled materials and enable 4,200 cycles and 11,600 cycles at 80% and 70% capacity retention, which is 33% and 53% better than the state-of-the-art, commercial LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2. Meanwhile, its rate performance is 88.6% better than commercial powders at 5C. From experimental and modeling results, the unique microstructure of recycled materials enables superior electrochemical performance. The recycled material outperforms commercially available equivalent, providing a green and sustainable solution for spent lithium-ion batteries.

KW - cathode

KW - lithium-ion batteries

KW - recycling

KW - sustainability

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85117388338

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/82e9dc92-8ac8-39fc-bfe4-d76dfe3c203b/

U2 - 10.1016/j.joule.2021.09.005

DO - 10.1016/j.joule.2021.09.005

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85117388338

SN - 2542-4351

VL - 5

SP - 2955

EP - 2970

JO - Joule

JF - Joule

IS - 11

ER -

Recycled cathode materials enabled superior performance for lithium-ion batteries

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Keywords

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