Production of low-energy electrons by ionizing radiation

Low-energy electrons are involved in almost all of the physical, physico-chemical and chemical phenomena underlying radiation chemistry and play a central role in determining the effects of ionizing radiation chemistry. A detail quantitative description of their production is desirable, but not available in even the simplest liquids. The distribution defining the cascade of low-energy electrons produced in the radiolysis of liquid water is characterized. The most probable energy and mean energy for secondary electron produced by a primary ion are ∼ 9 - 10 and 50-60 eV, respectively, depending on the specific energy of the primary ion. The energy spectrum of the sub-excitation electrons produced by attenuation of all electrons to < 25 eV is determined, and its mean is also 9 eV.