Out-of-pile performance of High Temperature Irradiation Resistant and Cladding Thermocouples

The High Temperature Irradiation Resistant thermocouple (HTIR-TCs) has proven to be the nuclear temperature sensor. It outlast and outperforms all other commercially available thermocouples above 1100 °C inside reactor pressure vessels; also, recent calibration methods have pushed the HTIR-TC to accurately read temperatures through thermal transients during reactor shutdowns and restarts. The new temperature range of HTIR-TCs is from 0 °C to 1650 °C. The main objective of this study is to address manufacturing a more robust TC for handling and inserting into reactor experiments; to also apply the TC to a wider application. The TC has shown to be mainly susceptible to oxygen levels inside the heat treatment and calibration process and it is recommended that O2 levels be brought to as low as possible. However, through modeling efforts the O2 has been found to intercalate only within the first few layers of niobium on the outer sheath. Lastly, multiple materials were used for the sheath and insulators; all with similar outcomes when testing occurred over a long period of time.