TY - JOUR
T1 - Impacts of aluminum-cerium alloy deployment on different cerium commodities
AU - Severson, Michael H.
AU - Nguyen, Ruby T.
AU - Sibal, Adam
AU - Kim, Haeyeon
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Critical Materials Innovation Hub funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technologies Office. Work at Idaho National Laboratory was conducted under DOE Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517. © This manuscript has been authored by Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC07-05ID14517 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2024
PY - 2024/6
Y1 - 2024/6
N2 - An imbalance problem exists in the rare earth element (REE) market with cerium and lanthanum being more abundant and less valuable than REEs used in permanent magnets such as neodymium, praseodymium, and dysprosium. Research has been conducted on new applications for abundant REEs to improve mining economics. However, potential market impacts of these applications on individual REE commodities are unknown. A system dynamics model was built to investigate the impacts of a new aluminum-cerium (Al–Ce) alloy that can theoretically utilize three separate cerium forms: cerium carbonate, cerium oxide, or cerium metal. Cerium carbonate currently possesses the lowest price of the three available forms making it initially the most favorable choice. However, model results showed that cerium oxide could provide the best economics for future Al–Ce alloy deployment because its larger market size buffers major shocks to price.
AB - An imbalance problem exists in the rare earth element (REE) market with cerium and lanthanum being more abundant and less valuable than REEs used in permanent magnets such as neodymium, praseodymium, and dysprosium. Research has been conducted on new applications for abundant REEs to improve mining economics. However, potential market impacts of these applications on individual REE commodities are unknown. A system dynamics model was built to investigate the impacts of a new aluminum-cerium (Al–Ce) alloy that can theoretically utilize three separate cerium forms: cerium carbonate, cerium oxide, or cerium metal. Cerium carbonate currently possesses the lowest price of the three available forms making it initially the most favorable choice. However, model results showed that cerium oxide could provide the best economics for future Al–Ce alloy deployment because its larger market size buffers major shocks to price.
KW - Critical materials
KW - Rare earth elements
KW - Supply chain
KW - System dynamics modeling
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85187788941
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/352e8bec-7d12-381b-a56e-0c0543fb6754/
U2 - 10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107521
DO - 10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107521
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85187788941
SN - 0921-3449
VL - 205
JO - Resources, Conservation and Recycling
JF - Resources, Conservation and Recycling
M1 - 107521
ER -