A temperature dependent, single particle, lithium ion cell model including electrolyte diffusion

Low-order, explicit models of lithium ion cells are critical for real-time battery management system (BMS) applications. This paper presents a seventh-order, electrolyte enhanced single particle model (ESPM) with electrolyte diffusion and temperature dependent parameters (ESPM-T). The impedance transfer function coefficients are explicit in terms of the model parameters, simplifying the implementation of temperature dependence. The ESPM-T model is compared with a commercially available finite volume based model and results show accurate matching of pulse responses over a wide range of temperature (T) and C-rates (I). The voltage response to 30 s pulse charge-discharge current inputs is within 5% of the commercial code for 25°C < T < 50°C at 1 ≤ 12.5C and -10°C < T < 50°C at 1 ≤ 1C for a graphite/nickel cobalt manganese (NCM) lithium ion cell.